📚 Vocabulary

a person you work with

“I had lunch with a colleague from the marketing team.”

to formally ask for a job, place, etc.

“She applied for the manager position last week.”

a move to a higher position at work

“He got a promotion after just one year.”

a skill or exam result needed for a job

“You need a teaching qualification for this role.”

working fewer hours than full-time

“I have a part-time job at the weekend.”

the time by which something must be finished

“The deadline for the report is Friday.”

a place to stay, like a hotel

“We booked our accommodation two months in advance.”

a planned route or schedule for a trip

“Our itinerary includes three cities in ten days.”

a period of time when something is late

“There was a two-hour delay at the airport.”

the place someone is travelling to

“Our final destination was a small village in Tuscany.”

bags and suitcases you travel with

“Please keep your luggage with you at all times.”

visiting interesting places as a tourist

“We spent the afternoon sightseeing in the old town.”

damage caused to air, water or land

“Air pollution is a big problem in large cities.”

to turn waste into something reusable

“We recycle paper, glass and plastic at home.”

able to be naturally replaced, like solar energy

“Renewable energy is becoming cheaper every year.”

wild animals living in their natural environment

“The national park protects local wildlife.”

the general weather conditions of a place

“The climate here is mild all year round.”

able to continue without harming the environment

“The company switched to sustainable packaging.”

a piece of equipment, e.g. a phone or tablet

“I use this device to read e-books.”

to send data from your device to the internet

“She uploaded the photos to the shared folder.”

a regular payment for a service

“We have a subscription to a streaming service.”

a public notice promoting a product (advert/ad)

“There was an advertisement for the film on TV.”

to make something more current

“Please update the app before using it again.”

a fast, permanent internet connection

“Our broadband connection has been slow this week.”

the title of a news story, in large print

“The headline caught everyone's attention this morning.”

the amount of reporting given to an event

“The election got a lot of media coverage.”

unfairly favouring one side

“Some viewers think the channel is biased.”

believable, trustworthy

“We need a credible source before publishing this.”

the banning of parts of media considered unsuitable

“The film faced censorship in several countries.”

an organisation that provides news (a news outlet)

“Several news outlets reported the same story.”

the ability to understand others' feelings

“Good teachers show empathy towards their students.”

an oversimplified, fixed idea about a group

“The film challenges a common stereotype.”

unfair difference between people or groups

“The report highlights growing income inequality.”

the way a person was raised as a child

“Her upbringing in a small village shaped her values.”

a group of people living in the same area

“The whole community came together after the storm.”

an unfair opinion formed without enough thought

“The story deals with prejudice and its consequences.”

an important new discovery

“Scientists announced a breakthrough in cancer research.”

an idea suggested as a starting point for research

“Her hypothesis was later proven correct.”

made by humans, not natural

“Artificial intelligence is changing many industries.”

using new ideas or methods

“The company is known for its innovative products.”

able to continue without damaging resources

“They're researching sustainable ways to produce energy.”

facts and information used for analysis

“The team collected data over several months.”

traditions and history passed down over time

“The old town is a protected cultural heritage site.”

real, genuine

“We wanted an authentic experience, not a tourist trap.”

to become fully involved in something

“Living abroad let her immerse herself in the language.”

a traditional way of behaving in a society

“It's a local custom to remove your shoes indoors.”

including many different types

“The city has a wonderfully diverse food scene.”

a particular way of viewing something

“Travelling gave him a new perspective on life.”

income generated from business activity

“The company's revenue grew by ten percent this year.”

a period of economic decline

“Many businesses struggled during the recession.”

to discuss in order to reach an agreement

“They spent hours negotiating the final contract.”

a company controlled by another company

“The firm opened a subsidiary in Asia last year.”

a person with an interest in a business or decision

“All stakeholders were consulted before the merger.”

capable of working successfully

“The plan isn't financially viable in its current form.”

laws made by a government

“New legislation was passed to protect renters.”

the group of people entitled to vote

“The electorate will decide the outcome next month.”

causing public disagreement

“The policy proved highly controversial.”

to publicly support a cause

“She advocates for stronger environmental protections.”

divided into strongly opposing groups

“Public opinion on the issue is deeply polarised.”

being responsible and answerable for actions

“The report calls for greater accountability in government.”

a spoken or written account; the story structure

“The film's narrative unfolds in a non-linear way.”

praised highly, especially publicly

“It's her most critically acclaimed novel to date.”

to bring a feeling or memory to mind

“The painting evokes a sense of quiet nostalgia.”

not obvious, delicate

“The humour in the book is subtle rather than obvious.”

an explanation of the meaning of something

“Critics offered very different interpretations of the ending.”

very great or intense; deeply felt

“The novel had a profound effect on readers.”

relating to the part of the mind we're not aware of

“Some of our habits are driven by the subconscious.”

the ability to recover from difficulties

“Her resilience helped her through a difficult year.”

the way something is understood or noticed

“Public perception of the issue has shifted recently.”

the reason or drive behind an action

“Lack of motivation made the project hard to finish.”

relating to thinking and understanding

“The study looks at cognitive development in children.”

based on natural feeling rather than thought

“Her reaction was instinctive rather than planned.”

a typical example or pattern of something

“The discovery represented a paradigm shift in physics.”

belonging naturally, essential

“The book explores the intrinsic value of art.”

based on observation or experience, not theory

“The claim lacks empirical evidence.”

having more than one possible meaning

“The contract's wording was deliberately ambiguous.”

written or spoken communication on a subject

“Public discourse around the topic has evolved.”

a division between two opposite things

“The novel explores the dichotomy between duty and desire.”

a mild word used instead of a harsh one

“"Passed away" is a euphemism for "died".”

presenting something as less significant than it is

“Calling the storm "a bit of wind" was an understatement.”

a subtle difference in meaning or expression

“Good translation captures the nuance of the original text.”

an idea or feeling a word suggests beyond its meaning

“The word "cheap" has a negative connotation.”

used in informal, everyday speech

“The dialogue is written in colloquial English.”

persuasive language, especially in speech or writing

“His speech was full of powerful rhetoric.”

the process of increasing world interconnection

“Globalisation has changed how businesses operate.”

relating to politics as influenced by geography

“The report examines the region's geopolitical tensions.”

concerned with human welfare

“The organisation provides humanitarian aid worldwide.”

never having happened before

“The crisis caused unprecedented levels of migration.”

able to withstand or recover from difficulty

“Coastal cities need to become more resilient to flooding.”

involving several countries or parties

“They reached a multilateral agreement on trade.”

a story with a hidden moral or political meaning

“The novel works as an allegory for post-war Europe.”

placing two things together for contrasting effect

“The film uses juxtaposition to highlight social inequality.”

a contrast between expectation and reality, often humorous

“There's a bitter irony in how the story ends.”

openly honest

“The interview offered a surprisingly candid account.”

fluent and persuasive in speech or writing

“She gave an eloquent speech at the ceremony.”

using more words than necessary

“The report was criticised for being overly verbose.”